Rheumatoid Arthritis

RA (Rheumatoid arthritis) is systemic inflammatory disorders that affect many organs and tissues. It principally attacks over joints producing inflammatory synovitis that progress to the destruction of articular cartilage and the ankylosis of joints. Arthritis Rheumatoid can produce diffuse inflammation in lungs, pleura, pericardium and sclera and nodular lesions also. About one percent of world's population is afflicted by the rheumatoid arthritis, where women are three times more than the men. It can be painful and disabling condition that can lead to substantial loss of mobility and functioning.

 

There are various treatments able, where non-pharmacological treatment includes the physical therapy as well as occupational therapy.

Analgesia anti-inflammatory drugs are used to suppress symptoms and disease-modifying drugs are often required to inhibit or half underlying immune process and then prevent long-term damages. Some newer groups of biologics have also increased the treatment options.

 

Name is based on term "rheumatic fever", or illness which includes the joint pain and it is derived from Greek word rheumatos. Arthritis of joints is known as synovitis, it is inflammation of synovial membrane that lines the joint and then tendon sheaths. These joints become warn, swollen and tender that limits their movement.

Small joints of hands, cervical spine and feet are affected; larger joints are like knee and shoulder that can be involved and differing at per individual. Increased early stiffness in morning is often prominent feature of inflammatory disease that the person may experience and may also last for more than one hour.

 

Initial pathologic process in the nodule formation is unknown; it may be essentially same as synoviti. Typical rheumatoid nodule may be few millimeters to few centimeters in the diameter and is found usually over bony prominences, as olecranon, calcaneal, metacarpophalangeal joints or calceneal tuberosity that sustain repeated the mechanical stress. These can occur in interval organs rarely.