Too much pepsin and acid can damage stomach lining; it can cause ulcers, while damage comes first from the other causes and making stomach lining susceptible to even ordinary level of the gastric acid. If the person does not receive treatment for ulcers, it can lead to bleeding ulcers, perforated obstruction or ulcer and narrowing of the intestinal opening that is preventing food form leaving stomach and entering in small intestine.

Itself, stomach defend from the pepsin and hydrochloric acid by creating mucus coating by producing bicarbonate and circulating blood to stomach lining to aid in the cell repair and renewal.

Primary cause of ulcers is bacterium called Helicobact pylori. Pylorus is spiral shaped bacterium that is found in stomach.

It is unlike the other Bacterium as H pylori can twist through layer of mucous that protects stomach cavity and attach cells of surface of stomach wall, it also produces urease, enzyme that generates the ammonia. A doctor has number of options for diagnosing ulcers, he/she can diagnose through x-ray examination, performing endoscopic, and testing for H phlori. If doctor suspects ulcers, then the upper GI, series of esophagus, duodenum and stomach will be performed usually. Patient will swallow chalky liquid; it contains barium that makes ulcer visible on x-ray.